Business or management masters degree (MSc, MEng, MA, MBA, MCom, MIM) contain some confusion sometimes. On the one side there are programs called Master of Science (MSc) or Arts (MA) or Commerce (MCom) in General Management. These programs are sometimes also called MIM-programs and usually do not require professional experience. Very often the MSc in Management is for people with a first academic degree in a social sciences area while the MA in Management refers to people with other backgrounds. On the other side is the Master of Business Administration (MBA) which requires a minimum of two to three years of professional experience and is open for people with academic background in any field. Beyond the amount of professional experience required, MIM and MBA differ also in terms of title reputation, students demographics, quality education Louisianas rank rises on national education quality report card career purpose behind the program, and tuition fees.
In some European countries, a magister is a first degree and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) masters degree (e.g., the German and Austrian university Diplom/Magister, or the similar 5-year Diploma awarded in several subjects in Greek, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, and other universities and polytechnics).
In Italy the Masters degree is equivalent to the 2-year Laurea magistrale, whose courses start after earning the 3-year Laurea triennale (roughly equivalent to a Bachelors degree). Law, Pharmacy and Medicine culties have not adopted these two degrees (commonly called tre pi due, i.e. 3+2) and are still earned after 5-year and 6-year Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico courses respectively. Additionally, old regulation (Vecchio Ordinamento) 4-year or 5-year degrees are equivalent
In Denmark the title candidatus or candidata (female) abbreviated cand. is used as a masters equivalent. Upon completion of for instance, an engineral masters degree, a person becomes cand.polyt. (polytechnical). Similar abbreviations, inspired by Latin, applies for a large number of educations, such as sociology (cand.scient.soc), economics (cand.merc., cand.polit. or cand.oecon), law (cand.jur), humanities (cand.mag) etc. A cand. title requires the obtainment of a masters degree. In Finland and Sweden, the title of kand. equates to a bachelors degree.
There has recently been an increase in programs leading to these degrees in the United States; more than twice as many such degrees are now awarded as compared to the 1970s. In Europe, there has been a standardisation of conditions to deliver the masters degrees and most countries present degrees in all disciplines
By contrast, in some cases, such as the Integrated Masters Degree in the UK, the degree is combined with a Bachelor of Science, as a 4 year degree. Unlike a traditional MSc, the fourth year finishes at the same time as undergraduate degrees in the early summer, whereas traditional MSc students typically spend the summer vacation completing a dissertation and finish in September. Examples include MMath (see also Part III of the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge), MEng and MSci (not to be confused with an MSc).
Post-graduate masters degree (MA, MEd, MSc, MSW, MPA, MPH, MBA, MBA Tech, MCom, MBus and other subject specific masters degrees) is designed for anyone who holds a bachelors degree.
In some languages, a masters degree is called a magister, and magister or a cognate can also be used for a person who has the degree. There are various degrees of the same level, such as engineers degrees, which have different names for historical reasons. See List of masters degrees.
In countries in which a masters degree is a postgraduate degree, admission to a masters program normally requires holding a bachelors degree, and in the United Kingdom, Canada and much of the Commonwealth, an honours bachelor degree.
Within the area stumaster degree types Masters degreedied, graduates are posited to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently. They are awarded after graduation from university.
In the recently standardized European System of higher education (Bologna process), a master degree programme normally carries 90 - 120 ECTS credits, with a minimum requirement of at least 60 ECTS credits at master level (one- or two-year full-time postgraduate program) undertaken after at least three years of undergraduate studies. It provides higher qualification for employment or prepares for doctoral studies. As one ECTS credit is equivalent to 25 hours of study this means that a masters degree programme should include 2250 hours of study. Current U.K. MSc/MA programmes tend to include 1800 hours of study (or 180 UK credits), adult education although many claim to be equivalent to an ECTS accredited master degree.
In Slovenia, all Academic degrees awarded after a minimum of 4 years of university studies and a successful defence of a written thesis are considered equivalent to the masters degree.
Further information: Masters degree in North America,Masters degree in Europe,andMasters degree non-EuroamericanThere are a range of pathways to the degree, with entry based on evidence of a capacity to undertake higher degree studies in the proposed field. A dissertation may or may not be required, depending on the program. In general, the structure and duration of a program of study leading to a masters degree will differ by country and by university.
to current Laurea Magistrale, thence Masters degree is equivalent to old regulament 4-year or 5-year degree as well.
In France, the equivalent of masters degrees is the combination of two individual diplomas the Master 1 (M1) and Master 2 (M2), following the Bologna Process. Depending on the goal of the student (a doctorate or a professional career) the Master 2 can also be called a Master Recherche (Research Master) and a Master Professionnel (Professional Master) each with different requirements. To obtain a national diploma for the Master 2 requires a minimum of one-year of study after the Master 1 however a Master 2 often requires 2-years depending on the universitys unique requirements. This is often the case with the Master Recherche as it requires time to conduct research and write a thesis. A French Ingnieur diplôm is also the equivalent of a Masters Degree, provided the diploma is recognised by the Commission des titres dingnieur.
Other masters degrees are more specifically named (tagged degrees), including, for example, the Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Music (M.M. or M.Mus.) and Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.); some are similarly general, education for example the M.Phil. and the Master of Studies (Advanced Study / Advanced Studies). See List of masters degrees.
Executive masters degree (EMBA, EMS) is a masters degree designed specially for executive professionals. Admission, graduation requirements, and structure of executive masters degrees differ from that of the regular full-time program.
and MSc or M.Sc. in Commonwealth nations and Europe.
In both cases, relevant work experience may qualify a candidate. In some cases the students bachelors degree must be in the same subject as the intended masters degree (e.g. a Master of Economics will typically require a Bachelors with a major in economics), or in a closely allied, cognate, discipline (e.g. Applied Mathematics degrees may accept graduates in physics, mathematics or computer science); in others, the subject of the bachelors degree is unimportant (e.g. MBA) although, often in these cases, undergraduate coursework in specific subjects may be required (e.g. some M.S.F. degrees require credits in calculus for admission, but none in finance or economics).
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In Switzerland, the old Licence or Diplom (4 to 5 years in duration) or a postgraduate DEA is considered equivalent to the masters degree.
A masters degree is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
In some systems, such as those of the United States and Japan, a masters degree is a strictly . Particularly in the U.S., in some fields / programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelors degree, but the masters may be earned along the way as a Masters degree en route, following successful completion of coursework and certain examinations. Masters programs are thus one to six years in duration.
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In the Netherlands the titles ingenieur (ir.), meester (mr.) and doctorandus (drs.) may be rendered, if obtained in the Netherlands from a university, after the application of the Bologna process, as: M.Sc. instead of ir., LL.M. instead of mr. and M.A. or M.Sc. instead of drs. This is because a single program that led to these degree was in effect before 2002, which comprised the same course load as the Bachelor and Master programs put together. Those who had already started the program could, upon completing it, bear the appropriate title (M.Sc., LL.M. or M.A.), but alternatively still use the old-style title (ir., mr. or drs.), corresponding to their field of study. Since these graduates do not have a separate Bachelors degree (which is in ct in retrospect incorporated into the program), the Masters degree is their first academic degree. Bearers of foreign Masters degree are able to use the titles ir., mr. and drs. only after obtaining a permission to bear such titles from the Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs. Those who received their mr., ir. or drs. title after the application of the Bologna process have the option of signing like A. Jansen, M.A., or A. Jansen, M.Sc., depending on the field in which the degree was obtained, since the ir., mr. and drs. titles are similar to a Masters degree, and the shortcut M.A. or M.Sc. may officially be used in order to render such title as an international title.
The two most common titles of masters degrees are the Master of Arts (M.A.) and Master of Science (M.S., MSc, M.Si., or M.Sc.); these may be course-based, research-based, or a mixture of the two. Some universities use the Latin degree names; because of the flexibility of word order in Latin, the Master of Arts and Master of Science may be known as magister artium or artium magister and magister scientiae or scientiae magister, respectively. Harvard University, University of Chicago, and MIT, for example, use A.M. and S.M. for their masters degrees. More commonly, Master of Science often is abbreviated MS or M.S. in the United States,